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Enhanced carbon tetrachloride degradation by hydroxylamine in ferrous ion activated calcium peroxide in the presence of formic acid

Wenchao Jiang, Ping Tang, Zhen Liu, Huan He, Qian Sui, Shuguang Lyu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1197-1

摘要： Complete CT degradation was achieved by employing HA to CP/Fe(II)/FA process. Quantitative detection of Fe(II) regeneration and HO• production was investigated. Benzoic acid outcompeted FA for the reaction with HO•. CO2•− was the dominant reductive radical for CT removal. Effects of solution matrix on CT removal were conducted. Hydroxyl radicals (HO•) show low reactivity with perchlorinated hydrocarbons, such as carbon tetrachloride (CT), in conventional Fenton reactions, therefore, the generation of reductive radicals has attracted increasing attention. This study investigated the enhancement of CT degradation by the synergistic effects of hydroxylamine (HA) and formic acid (FA) (initial [CT] = 0.13 mmol/L) in a Fe(II) activated calcium peroxide (CP) Fenton process. CT degradation increased from 56.6% to 99.9% with the addition of 0.78 mmol/L HA to the CP/Fe(II)/FA/CT process in a molar ratio of 12/6/12/1. The results also showed that the presence of HA enhanced the regeneration of Fe(II) from Fe(III), and the production of HO• increased one-fold when employing benzoic acid as the HO• probe. Additionally, FA slightly improves the production of HO•. A study of the mechanism confirmed that the carbon dioxide radical (CO2•−), a strong reductant generated by the reaction between FA and HO•, was the dominant radical responsible for CT degradation. Almost complete CT dechlorination was achieved in the process. The presence of humic acid and chloride ion slightly decreased CT removal, while high doses of bicarbonate and high pH inhibited CT degradation. This study helps us to better understand the synergistic roles of FA and HA for HO• and CO2•− generation and the removal of perchlorinated hydrocarbons in modified Fenton systems.

关键词： Calcium peroxide Hydroxylamine Modified Fenton Reactive oxygen species Perchlorinated hydrocarbon

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中国古生代海相油气成藏特征

康玉柱

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第5期页码 11-17

摘要：

1970―1978年笔者在塔里木油气地质调研中首次提出古生代有发育的烃源岩，1984年沙参2井实现了古生代海相油田的首次重大突破。1992年通过多个古生代油气田深入研究建立了古生代海相油气成藏理论。其理论内涵：叠加复合盆地成藏，多时代多层系生油，多期成藏，多时代多类型储盖组合，多成藏模式，油气主要分布在古隆起、古斜坡、断裂带和不整合面附近。

关键词：古生代海相油气田盆地隆起坳陷油气分布

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exogenous degrader-enhanced bioremediation with low-dose persulfate oxidation for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第11期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1733-x

摘要： Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated soils are usually complex and characterized by a lack of nutrition and soil salinization, resulting in difficulties in soil remediation. In this study, bioaugmentation with a PAH-degrading Bacillus PheN7 (BA) and low-dose persulfate oxidation (PS), along with natural biodegradation, were utilized to remediate alkaline PAH-contaminated soil. The soil used in the study had a pH of 9.35, and the total PAH content was 568.8 ± 31.0 mg/kg dry soil. After 42 d of remediation, the degradation efficiency of PAHs was 96.72% and 93.88% using persulfate oxidation and bioaugmentation, respectively, whereas 38.66% of PAHs were degraded in natural attenuation (NA). Bacillus was the dominant genera throughout the process of bioremediation with the relative abundance of 79.3% on day 42 in the BA system, whereas, Alcanivorax was enriched and became the dominant genera in PS systems. In the meantime, PAH degradation genes were detected with remarkably higher level in the BA system than in PS system during the remediation. In addition to the degradation of contaminants, persulfate oxidation promotes microbial bioremediation efficiency mainly by lowering the pH to neutral and increasing the active phosphorus content in the soil. Microbial species and ecological niches were less reduced in the PS system than in the BA system. Collectively, persulfate oxidation had a better impact on the soil microbiome and is more suitable for long-term soil health than bioaugmentation through PheN7 addition.

关键词： Bioaugmentation Low-dose persulfate oxidation Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Remediation

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中国非常规油气的潜力和发展

胡文瑞,翟光明,李景明

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第5期页码 25-29

摘要：

概述了国外和我国非常规油气资源开发利用状况，分析了我国发展非常规油气存在的困难，提出了加快发展我国非常规油气的对策与建议。

关键词：非常规油气勘探开发技术潜力对策

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中国石化非常规油气资源潜力及勘探进展

马永生,冯建辉,牟泽辉,赵培荣,包书景,王烽

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第6期页码 22-30

摘要：

中国石油化工集团有限公司（简称中国石化）矿权区内拥有较为丰富的非常规油气资源，煤层气可勘探面积为10.19万km²，煤层埋深小于2 000 m的煤层气地质资源量为11.02万亿m³。页岩气可供勘探面积为17.5万km²，初步估算页岩气地质资源量为15.9万亿m³。页岩油勘探面积为11.76万km²，具有较大的资源基础及潜力。中国石化自2004年开始关注非常规油气资源，先后启动了页岩油气、煤层气等非常规油气资源的研究和勘探工作。目前在泌阳凹陷页岩油勘探泌页HF-1水平井分段压裂后获日产油23.6 m³；元坝地区多口陆相钻井测试获得高产气流，建南地区建页HF-1井日产气12 300 m³；延川南区块煤层气已探明地质储量为106.47亿m³，多口井排采获工业气流，初步形成了中国石化非常规油气资源多类型、多阶段的勘探开发格局。

关键词：中国石化非常规油气油气资源勘探

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轻烃分析录井技术在海拉尔盆地的应用

吴长金,马昌伟,张可操

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第4期页码 49-57

摘要：

为适应海拉尔盆地快速勘探开发工作的需要，有效解决在快速钻井（钻井提速）条件下，岩屑录井、地化录井等依托岩屑样品发现油气显示以及评价储层所面临的技术难题，按照优选先进适用录井技术的要求，在海拉尔盆地进行了轻烃分析录井技术应用。笔者阐述了轻烃分析录井技术的原理和特点，并对该项技术的实际应用效果进行了分析，为轻烃分析录井技术的推广应用奠定了坚实基础。

关键词：海拉尔盆地轻烃分析录井技术油气发现储层评价

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Deepwater Hydrocarbon Exploration in China Seas: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow

Zhi-gang Zhao,Hai-zhang Yang,Wu Tang,Shi-xiang Liu

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第4期页码 390-395 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016059

摘要： Deepwater area has been one of the hottest areas in the global hydrocarbon exploration. However, deepwater hydrocarbon exploration in China started late and mainly concentrated in the South China Sea (SCS) with low level of researches. Although there are some achievements, there are even more challenges. For this reason, this paper reviewed the history of deepwater exploration in China Seas and summarized the current exploration situation. The future directions of deepwater hydrocarbon exploration mainly consist of five aspects: establishing key technology system of complex structure and reservoir seismic acquisition and processing in deepwater areas of SCS, clarifying the development mechanism of high quality source rock and establishing matching assessment technology, studying the formation conditions of favorable reservoir and creating reservoir identification technology, improving accumulation theory of large and medium-sized oil and gas field of deepwater, deepening the researches of petroleum geology conditions of middle and south part of SCS. Simultaneously, the concept of portfolio should be utilized in the exploration process, with economic benefits considered. These understandings will help guiding the future deepwater hydrocarbon exploration in China Seas.

关键词： deepwater hydrocarbon exploration China Seas South China Sea Pearl River Mouth Basin Qiongdongnan Basin development directions

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Reduced kinetic mechanism of -heptane oxidation in modeling polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formation

ZHONG Beijing, XI Jun

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第3期页码 326-332 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0047-9

摘要： A reduced mechanism, which could couple with the multidimensional computational fluid dynamics code for quantitative description of a reacting flow, was developed for chemical kinetic modeling of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formation in an opposed-flow diffusion flame. The complete kinetic mechanism, which comprises 572 reactions and 108 species, was reduced to a simplified mechanism that includes only 83 reactions and 56 species through sensitivity analysis. The results computed via this reduced mechanism are nearly indistinguishable from those via the detailed mechanism, which demonstrate that the model based on this reduced mechanism can properly describe -heptane oxidation chemistry and quantitatively predict polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (such as benzene, naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene) formation in opposed-flow diffusion flames.

关键词： phenanthrene multidimensional computational sensitivity analysis polycyclic mechanism

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地下水封岩洞油库设计、施工的基本原则

王梦恕,杨会军

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第4期页码 11-16

摘要：

我国对大量石油储存的需求使石油贮备库的建设势在必行，地下水封岩洞油库是储存油品的最好形式。文章介绍了地下水封岩洞油库的密封原理、类型、优点等并重点对其选址、设计、施工进行介绍。笔者旨在提出地下水封岩洞油库的主要特点和规划、设计、施工的基本原则及标准，并指出我国尚未形成关于大规模地下水封岩洞油库设计、施工的完整技术，缺少指导性规范。开展地下水封岩洞油库的关键设计与施工技术研究具有重大的现实意义。

关键词：地下水封储油库岩洞设计施工

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Tuning the catalytic selectivity in electrochemical CO

Jiafang XIE,Yuxi HUANG,Hanqing YU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第5期页码 861-866 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0742-1

摘要： Electrochemical conversion of CO to hydrocarbons can relieve both environmental and energy stresses. However, electrocatalysts for this reaction usually suffer from a poor product selectivity and a large overpotential. Here we report that tunable catalytic selectivity for hydrocarbon formation could be achieved on Cu nanomaterials with different morphologies. By tuning the electrochemical parameters, either Cu oxide nanowires or nanoneedles were fabricated and then electrochemically reduced to the corresponding Cu nanomaterials. The Cu nanowires preferred the formation of C H , while the Cu nanoneedles favored the production of more CH , rather than C H . Our work provides a facile synthetic strategy for preparing Cu-based nanomaterials to achieve selective CO reduction.

关键词： electrochemical CO₂ reduction Cu oxide nanostructure selectivity hydrocarbon formation

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Bioremediation of highly contaminated oilfield soil: Bioaugmentation for enhancing aromatic compounds removal

Jun QIAO, Chengdong ZHANG, Shuiming LUO, Wei CHEN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第2期页码 293-304 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0561-9

摘要： This study evaluated the effectiveness of different amendments—including a commercial NPK fertilizer, a humic substance (HS), an organic industrial waste (NovoGro), and a yeast-bacteria consortium—in the remediation of highly contaminated (up to 6% of total petroleum hydrocarbons) oilfield soils. The concentrations of hydrocarbon, soil toxicity, physicochemical properties of the soil, microbial population numbers, enzyme activities and microbial community structures were examined during the 90-d incubation. The results showed that the greatest degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) was observed with the biostimulation using mixture of NPK, HS and NovoGro, a treatment scheme that enhanced both dehydrogenase and lipase activities in soil. Introduction of exogenous hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria (in addition to biostimulation with NPK, HS and NovoGro) had negligible effect on the removal of TPH, which was likely due to the competition between exogenous and autochthonous microorganisms. Nonetheless, the addition of exogenous yeast-bacteria consortium significantly enhanced the removal of the aromatic fraction of the petroleum hydrocarbons, thus detoxifying the soil. The effect of bioaugmentation on the removal of more recalcitrant petroleum hydrocarbon fraction was likely due to the synergistic effect of bacteria and fungi.

关键词： bioremediation petroleum hydrocarbon biostimulation bioaugmentation

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Confinement effects in methanol to olefins catalysed by zeolites: A computational review

German Sastre

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第1期页码 76-89 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1557-3

摘要： Small pore zeolites, containing 8-rings as the largest, are widely employed as catalysts in the process of methanol-to-olefins (MTO). Reactants and products diffuse with constraints through 8-rings and this is one of the reaction bottlenecks related to zeolite micropore topology. Small pore zeolites and silicon-aluminophosphates(SAPOs) containing cavities, where olefins are mainly formed through the hydrocarbon pool (HP) mechanism, are frequently tested for MTO. Shape selectivity of transition states within the side-chain methylation will be reviewed as this is one of the controlling steps of the MTO process, with particular attention to the role of hexamethylbenzene (HMB) and heptamethylbenzenium cation (HeptaMB ), which are the most tipically detected reaction intermediates, common to the paring and side-chain routes within the HP mechanism. The relative stability of these and other species will be reviewed in terms of confinement effects in different cage-based zeolites. The role of the different alkylating agents, methanol, dimethyl ether (DME), and surface methoxy species (SMS) will also be reviewed from the computational viewpoint.

关键词： small pore zeolites SAPOs methanol-to-olefins hydrocarbon pool mechanism alkylation of polymethylbenzenes

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Latest development of double perovskite electrode materials for solid oxide fuel cells: a review

Shammya AFROZE, AfizulHakem KARIM, Quentin CHEOK, Sten ERIKSSON, Abul K. AZAD

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第4期页码 770-797 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0651-x

摘要： Recently, the development and fabrication of electrode component of the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) have gained a significant importance, especially after the advent of electrode supported SOFCs. The function of the electrode involves the facilitation of fuel gas diffusion, oxidation of the fuel, transport of electrons, and transport of the byproduct of the electrochemical reaction. Impressive progress has been made in the development of alternative electrode materials with mixed conducting properties and a few of the other composite cermets. During the operation of a SOFC, it is necessary to avoid carburization and sulfidation problems. The present review focuses on the various aspects pertaining to a potential electrode material, the double perovskite, as an anode and cathode in the SOFC. More than 150 SOFCs electrode compositions which had been investigated in the literature have been analyzed. An evaluation has been performed in terms of phase, structure, diffraction pattern, electrical conductivity, and power density. Various methods adopted to determine the quality of electrode component have been provided in detail. This review comprises the literature values to suggest possible direction for future research.

关键词： double perovskites electrode materials hydrocarbon fuel solid oxide fuel cells

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A Fast Evaluation and Research Method for Exploration Potential of Oversea Basins

Hong-quan Kang,Yun-hua Deng,Huai-cun Jia,Tao Cheng,Bo Bai

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第4期页码 338-342 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016052

摘要： Oversea hydrocarbon exploration always faces some problems, such as multiple basin types, different exploration prospects, various exploration degrees, diverse data quantities and geological recognitions. This paper focuses on overseas basins with different exploration degrees and offers a new evaluation system and research method for fast evaluation and risk analysis on hydrocarbon potential. Based on the theory of probability, this new evaluation system evaluates each parameter and core accumulation factor with comprehensive and quantitative assignment, to accelerate geological evaluation. In addition, this paper suggests that source rock evaluation should be the core criterion in screening evaluation of poor-explored basins, and also proposes that both the exploration potential and geological recognition should drive the evaluation for basins with high exploration degrees. This new system and method, which is an effective system for fast basin evaluation, is suggested to be used in oversea evaluation and decision-making objectively, scientifically and efficiently.

关键词： geological risk analysis probability model evaluation factors oversea exploration hydrocarbon exploration

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Progress in hydrogen enriched hydrocarbons combustion and engine applications

Zuohua HUANG, Jinhua WANG, Erjiang HU, Chenglong TANG, Yingjia ZHANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第1期页码 73-80 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0287-1

摘要： The paper summarized the work on hydrogen enriched hydrocarbons combustion and its application in engines. The progress and understanding on laminar burning velocity, flame instability, flame structure flame and chemical kinetics were presented. Based on fundamental combustion, both homogeneous spark-ignition engine and direct-injection spark-ignition engine fueled with natural gas-hydrogen blends were conducted and the technical route of natural gas-hydrogen combined with exhaust gas recirculation was proposed which experimentally demonstrated benefits on both thermal efficiency improvement and emissions reduction.

关键词： hydrogen enriched hydrocarbon combustion fundamental study engine application